An autoclave achieves sterilization by applying pressurised moist heat to destroy microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. By raising the temperature above water’s boiling point (121–134°C) in a sealed chamber, it uses steam and pressure to denature vital microbial proteins, ensuring thorough decontamination. These devices are crucial in medical, laboratory, and pharmaceutical settings for sterilizing instruments, glassware, liquids, and more.